Automotive engineers study such subjects as aerodynamics, vehicle ride and handling, power generation, crashworthiness and even management, looking at every component in modern vehicle construction. The entire automotive drivetrain, including the suspension, transmission, brakes, tyres and engine, can be modelled and simulated on computer making development of new components/ vehicles a quick and relatively inexpensive process.
The use of computers does not stop there. In the last 20 years, due to the decrease in size and cost of microprocessors and sensing devices, there have been major advances in various aspects of automotive control, from Traction Control Systems (TCS) and Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS) to Active Suspension systems and Power Steering all of which have improved the safety and performance of todays vehicles.
The continued development of Engine Control Units (ECU's) has led to a reduction in exhaust gases and to more efficient operation of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). There is also a growing interest in the environmental impact of the automobile with research centring on electric (EV), hybrid electric (HEV, powered by both an ICE and electric motor) and Fuel Cells Vehicles (FCV) as a means by which to reduce greenhouse gases and fuel consumption.
With these new concepts emerging in an already large discipline, automotive engineering is an ever expanding field. As we move into the 21st century, the automobile, in all its forms, will continue to develop, performance, safety and fuel economy will continue to improve and exhaust emissions will continue to reduce. Automotive engineers are at the forefront of this development. 